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anti trim21  (Proteintech)


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    Structured Review

    Proteintech anti trim21
    Anti Trim21, supplied by Proteintech, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 96/100, based on 152 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/anti+trim21/TRIM21+Antibody/pmc13047273-317-12-13
    Average 96 stars, based on 152 article reviews
    anti trim21 - by Bioz Stars, 2026-09
    96/100 stars

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    Related Articles

    Incubation:

    Article Title: TRIM21-Mediated ubiquitination of FBL suppresses PI3K/AKT signaling and tumor progression in clear cell renal cell carcinoma.
    Article Snippet: .. Membranes were blocked with 5% nonfat milk for 1 h at room temperature and incubated overnight at 4 ° C with the following primary antibodies: anti-FBL (Proteintech, Cat# 66985-1-Ig), anti-Trim21 (Proteintech, Cat# 12108-1-AP), anti-PI3K (Proteintech, Cat# 20584-1-AP), anti-p-AKT (Ser473; Proteintech, Cat# 66444-1-Ig), anti-AKT (Proteintech, Cat# 10176-2-AP), anti-HA tag (Proteintech, Cat# 66006-2-Ig), anti-FLAG tag (Proteintech, Cat# 20543-1- AP), anti-CREB (Proteintech, Cat# 12208-1-AP), anti-p-CREB (Ser133; Proteintech, Cat# 28792-1-AP) and anti-ubiquitin (UB; Jingjie PTM BioLab, Cat# PTM-7311). β -actin (Proteintech, Cat# 66009-1-Ig) was used as a loading control. .. After washing, membranes were incubated with HRPconjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG secondary antibody (Proteintech, Cat# SA00001-2) or goat anti-mouse IgG secondary antibody (Proteintech, Cat# SA00001-1) for 1 h at room temperature.

    Article Title: TRIM21-Mediated ubiquitination of FBL suppresses PI3K/AKT signaling and tumor progression in clear cell renal cell carcinoma
    Article Snippet: .. Membranes were blocked with 5% nonfat milk for 1 h at room temperature and incubated overnight at 4 °C with the following primary antibodies: anti-FBL (Proteintech, Cat# 66985-1-Ig), anti-Trim21 (Proteintech, Cat# 12108-1-AP), anti-PI3K (Proteintech, Cat# 20584-1-AP), anti-p-AKT (Ser473; Proteintech, Cat# 66444-1-Ig), anti-AKT (Proteintech, Cat# 10176-2-AP), anti-HA tag (Proteintech, Cat# 66006-2-Ig), anti-FLAG tag (Proteintech, Cat# 20543-1-AP), anti-CREB (Proteintech, Cat# 12208-1-AP), anti-p-CREB (Ser133; Proteintech, Cat# 28792-1-AP) and anti-ubiquitin (UB; Jingjie PTM BioLab, Cat# PTM-7311). β-actin (Proteintech, Cat# 66009-1-Ig) was used as a loading control. .. After washing, membranes were incubated with HRP-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG secondary antibody (Proteintech, Cat# SA00001-2) or goat anti-mouse IgG secondary antibody (Proteintech, Cat# SA00001-1) for 1 h at room temperature.

    Article Title: Environmental ciprofloxacin triggers pregnancy loss: senescence-driven miscarriage via TRIM21-mediated MFF degradation.
    Article Snippet: Proteins (10–30 μg/well, equal amounts within group but different amounts among groups for better comparison) were separated on 10% or 12% SDS-PAGE gel and transferred on an equilibrated polyvinylidene difluoride membrane (PVDF, Amersham Biosciences, Buckinghamshire, 8 www.thelancet.com Vol 125 March, 2026 UK). .. After blocking with 5% bovine serum albumin (BSA, Sigma–Aldrich) in TBST (10 mM Tris–HCl, 150 mM NaCl, and 0.1% Tween 20) for 1 h at room temperature, the membrane was incubated with primary antibody overnight at 4 ◦ C. The primary antibodies contained anti-MFF (17090-1-AP, proteintech, dilution 1:1000, RRID: AB_2142463), anti-TRIM21 (67136-1-Ig, proteintech, dilution 1:1000, RRID: AB_ 2882435), anti-GLB1 (66586-1-Ig, proteintech, dilution 1:1000, RRID: AB_2881946), anti-p38 (80821-2-RR, proteintech, dilution 1:1000, RRID: AB_3670489), antip21 (ab109199, abcam, dilution 1:1000, RRID: AB_ 10861551), anti-p16 (ab189034, abcam, dilution 1:1000, RRID: RRID: AB_2737282), and anti-GAPDH (#5174, Cell Signalling Technology, dilution 1:1000, RRID: AB_10622025). ..

    Article Title: FAM135B Deficiency Inhibits Cytotoxic T-cell Activity in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer by Blocking the IFI16-Dependent STING Pathway
    Article Snippet: Equal amounts of protein were separated by SDS-PAGE and transferred to polyvinylidene difluoride membranes (Millipore). .. The membranes were blocked in PBS buffer supplemented with 0.1% Tween containing 5% nonfat milk for 1 hour at room temperature, followed by overnight incubation with the specified primary antibodies at 4°C: anti-FAM135B (28061-1-AP, Proteintech), anti-IFI16 (YT2274, Immunoway), anti-TRIM21 (12108-1-AP, Proteintech), anti-Flag (20543-1-AP, Proteintech), anti-HA (51064-2-AP, Proteintech), anti-MYC (16286-1-AP, Proteintech), anti–β-tubulin (66240-1-Ig, Proteintech), anti-γH2AX (YP0128, Immunoway), anti-Ubiquitin (43124, Cell Signaling Technology), anti–TANK-binding kinase 1 (67211-1-Ig, Proteintech), anti-stimulator of interferon genes (19851-1-AP, Proteintech), anti-IRF3 (11312-1-AP, Proteintech), anti–p-TBK1 (AF8190, Affinity), anti–p-STING (AF7416, Affinity), and anti–p-IRF3 (80519-2-RR, Proteintech). ..

    Control:

    Article Title: TRIM21-Mediated ubiquitination of FBL suppresses PI3K/AKT signaling and tumor progression in clear cell renal cell carcinoma.
    Article Snippet: .. Membranes were blocked with 5% nonfat milk for 1 h at room temperature and incubated overnight at 4 ° C with the following primary antibodies: anti-FBL (Proteintech, Cat# 66985-1-Ig), anti-Trim21 (Proteintech, Cat# 12108-1-AP), anti-PI3K (Proteintech, Cat# 20584-1-AP), anti-p-AKT (Ser473; Proteintech, Cat# 66444-1-Ig), anti-AKT (Proteintech, Cat# 10176-2-AP), anti-HA tag (Proteintech, Cat# 66006-2-Ig), anti-FLAG tag (Proteintech, Cat# 20543-1- AP), anti-CREB (Proteintech, Cat# 12208-1-AP), anti-p-CREB (Ser133; Proteintech, Cat# 28792-1-AP) and anti-ubiquitin (UB; Jingjie PTM BioLab, Cat# PTM-7311). β -actin (Proteintech, Cat# 66009-1-Ig) was used as a loading control. .. After washing, membranes were incubated with HRPconjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG secondary antibody (Proteintech, Cat# SA00001-2) or goat anti-mouse IgG secondary antibody (Proteintech, Cat# SA00001-1) for 1 h at room temperature.

    Article Title: TRIM21-Mediated ubiquitination of FBL suppresses PI3K/AKT signaling and tumor progression in clear cell renal cell carcinoma
    Article Snippet: .. Membranes were blocked with 5% nonfat milk for 1 h at room temperature and incubated overnight at 4 °C with the following primary antibodies: anti-FBL (Proteintech, Cat# 66985-1-Ig), anti-Trim21 (Proteintech, Cat# 12108-1-AP), anti-PI3K (Proteintech, Cat# 20584-1-AP), anti-p-AKT (Ser473; Proteintech, Cat# 66444-1-Ig), anti-AKT (Proteintech, Cat# 10176-2-AP), anti-HA tag (Proteintech, Cat# 66006-2-Ig), anti-FLAG tag (Proteintech, Cat# 20543-1-AP), anti-CREB (Proteintech, Cat# 12208-1-AP), anti-p-CREB (Ser133; Proteintech, Cat# 28792-1-AP) and anti-ubiquitin (UB; Jingjie PTM BioLab, Cat# PTM-7311). β-actin (Proteintech, Cat# 66009-1-Ig) was used as a loading control. .. After washing, membranes were incubated with HRP-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG secondary antibody (Proteintech, Cat# SA00001-2) or goat anti-mouse IgG secondary antibody (Proteintech, Cat# SA00001-1) for 1 h at room temperature.

    Immunofluorescence:

    Article Title: E3 ubiquitin ligase TRIM21-mediated K48-linked ubiquitination of ALDH2 rs671 mutant promotes adverse cardiac remodeling.
    Article Snippet: Signals were visualized with Alexa427 fluorescence-conjugated secondary antibodies (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA,428 USA). .. The primary antibodies used for cell immunofluorescence are429 listed below: anti-CD68 (ab213363, Abcam, 1:200), anti-Rac2430 (60077-1-Ig, ProteinTech, 1:200), anti-TRIM21 (12108-1-AP,431 ProteinTech, 1:200), anti-ALDH2 (ab110311, Abcam, 1:200).432 RNA extraction and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). .. Total433 RNA was isolated from heart homogenates using TRIzol reagent434 (Invitrogen) in accordance with the manufacturer’s protocol.435 Subsequently, 1 μg of RNA from each sample was reverse-transcribed436 into cDNA using a Reverse Transcription Reagent kit (Vazyme, Beijing,437 China).

    RNA Extraction:

    Article Title: E3 ubiquitin ligase TRIM21-mediated K48-linked ubiquitination of ALDH2 rs671 mutant promotes adverse cardiac remodeling.
    Article Snippet: Signals were visualized with Alexa427 fluorescence-conjugated secondary antibodies (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA,428 USA). .. The primary antibodies used for cell immunofluorescence are429 listed below: anti-CD68 (ab213363, Abcam, 1:200), anti-Rac2430 (60077-1-Ig, ProteinTech, 1:200), anti-TRIM21 (12108-1-AP,431 ProteinTech, 1:200), anti-ALDH2 (ab110311, Abcam, 1:200).432 RNA extraction and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). .. Total433 RNA was isolated from heart homogenates using TRIzol reagent434 (Invitrogen) in accordance with the manufacturer’s protocol.435 Subsequently, 1 μg of RNA from each sample was reverse-transcribed436 into cDNA using a Reverse Transcription Reagent kit (Vazyme, Beijing,437 China).

    Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction:

    Article Title: E3 ubiquitin ligase TRIM21-mediated K48-linked ubiquitination of ALDH2 rs671 mutant promotes adverse cardiac remodeling.
    Article Snippet: Signals were visualized with Alexa427 fluorescence-conjugated secondary antibodies (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA,428 USA). .. The primary antibodies used for cell immunofluorescence are429 listed below: anti-CD68 (ab213363, Abcam, 1:200), anti-Rac2430 (60077-1-Ig, ProteinTech, 1:200), anti-TRIM21 (12108-1-AP,431 ProteinTech, 1:200), anti-ALDH2 (ab110311, Abcam, 1:200).432 RNA extraction and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). .. Total433 RNA was isolated from heart homogenates using TRIzol reagent434 (Invitrogen) in accordance with the manufacturer’s protocol.435 Subsequently, 1 μg of RNA from each sample was reverse-transcribed436 into cDNA using a Reverse Transcription Reagent kit (Vazyme, Beijing,437 China).

    Polymerase Chain Reaction:

    Article Title: E3 ubiquitin ligase TRIM21-mediated K48-linked ubiquitination of ALDH2 rs671 mutant promotes adverse cardiac remodeling.
    Article Snippet: Signals were visualized with Alexa427 fluorescence-conjugated secondary antibodies (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA,428 USA). .. The primary antibodies used for cell immunofluorescence are429 listed below: anti-CD68 (ab213363, Abcam, 1:200), anti-Rac2430 (60077-1-Ig, ProteinTech, 1:200), anti-TRIM21 (12108-1-AP,431 ProteinTech, 1:200), anti-ALDH2 (ab110311, Abcam, 1:200).432 RNA extraction and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). .. Total433 RNA was isolated from heart homogenates using TRIzol reagent434 (Invitrogen) in accordance with the manufacturer’s protocol.435 Subsequently, 1 μg of RNA from each sample was reverse-transcribed436 into cDNA using a Reverse Transcription Reagent kit (Vazyme, Beijing,437 China).

    Western Blot:

    Article Title: E3 ubiquitin ligase TRIM21-mediated K48-linked ubiquitination of ALDH2 rs671 mutant promotes adverse cardiac remodeling.
    Article Snippet: Finally, protein blots were detected using an455 enhanced chemiluminescence (ECL) kit (Merck Millipore, USA) and456 imaging system (Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA), and the data were457 analyzed using Image J software. .. The primary antibodies used for458 western blotting are listed below: anti-ALDH2 (15310-1-AP, ProteinTech,459 1:1000), anti-TRIM21 (12108-1-AP, ProteinTech, 1:1000), anti-Ubiquitin460 (ab134953, abcam, 1:1000), anti-Flag (#14793, #8146, Cell Signaling461 Technology, 1:1000), anti-Myc (#18583, #2276, Cell Signaling462 Technology, 1:1000), anti-HA (#3724, #2367, Cell Signaling Technology,463 1:1000), anti-V5 (14440-1-AP, ProteinTech, 1:1000), anti-β-actin464 (66009-1-Ig, ProteinTech, 1:1000).465 Co-Immunoprecipitation (Co-IP). .. HEK-293T cells were collected after466 culturing in T25 culture flasks, and then fully lysed by incubation with467 NP-40 lysis solution (Beyotime, Shanghai, China) for 1 h at 4°C on the468 rotating mixer.

    Blocking Assay:

    Article Title: Environmental ciprofloxacin triggers pregnancy loss: senescence-driven miscarriage via TRIM21-mediated MFF degradation.
    Article Snippet: Proteins (10–30 μg/well, equal amounts within group but different amounts among groups for better comparison) were separated on 10% or 12% SDS-PAGE gel and transferred on an equilibrated polyvinylidene difluoride membrane (PVDF, Amersham Biosciences, Buckinghamshire, 8 www.thelancet.com Vol 125 March, 2026 UK). .. After blocking with 5% bovine serum albumin (BSA, Sigma–Aldrich) in TBST (10 mM Tris–HCl, 150 mM NaCl, and 0.1% Tween 20) for 1 h at room temperature, the membrane was incubated with primary antibody overnight at 4 ◦ C. The primary antibodies contained anti-MFF (17090-1-AP, proteintech, dilution 1:1000, RRID: AB_2142463), anti-TRIM21 (67136-1-Ig, proteintech, dilution 1:1000, RRID: AB_ 2882435), anti-GLB1 (66586-1-Ig, proteintech, dilution 1:1000, RRID: AB_2881946), anti-p38 (80821-2-RR, proteintech, dilution 1:1000, RRID: AB_3670489), antip21 (ab109199, abcam, dilution 1:1000, RRID: AB_ 10861551), anti-p16 (ab189034, abcam, dilution 1:1000, RRID: RRID: AB_2737282), and anti-GAPDH (#5174, Cell Signalling Technology, dilution 1:1000, RRID: AB_10622025). ..

    Membrane:

    Article Title: Environmental ciprofloxacin triggers pregnancy loss: senescence-driven miscarriage via TRIM21-mediated MFF degradation.
    Article Snippet: Proteins (10–30 μg/well, equal amounts within group but different amounts among groups for better comparison) were separated on 10% or 12% SDS-PAGE gel and transferred on an equilibrated polyvinylidene difluoride membrane (PVDF, Amersham Biosciences, Buckinghamshire, 8 www.thelancet.com Vol 125 March, 2026 UK). .. After blocking with 5% bovine serum albumin (BSA, Sigma–Aldrich) in TBST (10 mM Tris–HCl, 150 mM NaCl, and 0.1% Tween 20) for 1 h at room temperature, the membrane was incubated with primary antibody overnight at 4 ◦ C. The primary antibodies contained anti-MFF (17090-1-AP, proteintech, dilution 1:1000, RRID: AB_2142463), anti-TRIM21 (67136-1-Ig, proteintech, dilution 1:1000, RRID: AB_ 2882435), anti-GLB1 (66586-1-Ig, proteintech, dilution 1:1000, RRID: AB_2881946), anti-p38 (80821-2-RR, proteintech, dilution 1:1000, RRID: AB_3670489), antip21 (ab109199, abcam, dilution 1:1000, RRID: AB_ 10861551), anti-p16 (ab189034, abcam, dilution 1:1000, RRID: RRID: AB_2737282), and anti-GAPDH (#5174, Cell Signalling Technology, dilution 1:1000, RRID: AB_10622025). ..



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    IFI35 ubiquitinates HNF4a in <t>TRIM21-dependent</t> manner. A Cell lysates were immunoprecipitated using an anti-TRIM21 antibody. B Detection of HBV DNAs by Southern blot from HepG2 and HepG2-TRIM21-KO cells. Expression levels of HNF4α, IFI35 and TRIM21 in HepG2-TRIM21-KO cells compared to parental HepG2 cells (Control) were assessed by Western blot. HBV DNA levels of HepG2 and HepG2-TRIM21-KO cells were quantified in graph (bottom). C Quantification of HNF4α protein levels in HepG2 and HepG2-TRIM21 knockout (KO) cells transfected with increasing amounts of myc-IFI35. HNF4α levels were determined by immunoblotting and quantified relative to the vector control. Data represent mean ± SD from three independent experiments. D Secreted HBeAg and HBsAg levels were measured by ELISA in HepG2 and HepG2-TRIM21-KO cells transfected with increasing amounts of myc-IFI35. Data represent mean ± SD from three independent experiments. E HepG2 or HepG2-TRIM21 knockout cells were transfected with HBV 1.2mer together with increasing amounts of IFI35. Total RNA was analyzed by Northern blotting to detect HBV transcription. F Effect of TRIM21 on IFI35-mediated HNF4α degradation. HepG2 and HepG2-TRIM21-KO cells were transfected with either empty vector or myc-IFI35. After 48 h, cycloheximide (50ug/ml) were treated for the indicated times, and cells were harvested. Expression levels of HNF4α and IFI35 were evaluated through Western blotting. Quantification of HNF4α levels between HepG2 and HepG2-TRIM21-KO cells (bottom). G HepG2 cells and TRIM21 knockout cells were co-transfected with HA-tagged ubiquitin (1 μg) and either vector or IFI35 (2 μg). At 48 h post-transfection, HNF4α was immunoprecipitated and immunoblotted with anti-ubiquitin antibody to assess polyubiquitination. Total levels of HNF4α, IFI35, TRIM21, and HA-tagged ubiquitin in input lysates were also analyzed by immunoblotting. H Schematic diagram of HBV enhancer luciferase reporter constructs. Constructs containing enhancer I (EnhI), enhancer II (EnhII), or both regions were cloned upstream of the luciferase reporter gene. Mutant constructs lacking HNF4α binding sites were generated in EnhI (ΔHNF4α) or EnhII (ΔHNF4α1 and ΔHNF4α1,2) as indicated. I Basal luciferase activity of HBV enhancer reporter constructs. HepG2 cells were transfected with the indicated luciferase reporter plasmids, and luciferase activity was measured. J Comparison of the effect of IFI35 on EnhI-driven transcription with or without the HNF4α binding site. HepG2 cells were co-transfected with the indicated EnhI luciferase reporters and increasing amounts of myc-IFI35. Luciferase activity was measured 48 h post-transfection. Data represent mean ± SD from three independent experiments. K Comparison of the effect of IFI35 on EnhII-driven transcription with or without HNF4α binding sites. HepG2 cells were co-transfected with EnhII luciferase reporters containing wild-type or mutated HNF4α binding sites together with increasing amounts of myc-IFI35. Luciferase activity was measured 48 h post-transfection. Data represent mean ± SD from three independent experiments. The above experiment was independently conducted three times. Data are shown as mean ± SD. The statistical significance of the differences was assessed by the Student t test: *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01, ***, P < 0.001
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    IFI35 ubiquitinates HNF4a in <t>TRIM21-dependent</t> manner. A Cell lysates were immunoprecipitated using an anti-TRIM21 antibody. B Detection of HBV DNAs by Southern blot from HepG2 and HepG2-TRIM21-KO cells. Expression levels of HNF4α, IFI35 and TRIM21 in HepG2-TRIM21-KO cells compared to parental HepG2 cells (Control) were assessed by Western blot. HBV DNA levels of HepG2 and HepG2-TRIM21-KO cells were quantified in graph (bottom). C Quantification of HNF4α protein levels in HepG2 and HepG2-TRIM21 knockout (KO) cells transfected with increasing amounts of myc-IFI35. HNF4α levels were determined by immunoblotting and quantified relative to the vector control. Data represent mean ± SD from three independent experiments. D Secreted HBeAg and HBsAg levels were measured by ELISA in HepG2 and HepG2-TRIM21-KO cells transfected with increasing amounts of myc-IFI35. Data represent mean ± SD from three independent experiments. E HepG2 or HepG2-TRIM21 knockout cells were transfected with HBV 1.2mer together with increasing amounts of IFI35. Total RNA was analyzed by Northern blotting to detect HBV transcription. F Effect of TRIM21 on IFI35-mediated HNF4α degradation. HepG2 and HepG2-TRIM21-KO cells were transfected with either empty vector or myc-IFI35. After 48 h, cycloheximide (50ug/ml) were treated for the indicated times, and cells were harvested. Expression levels of HNF4α and IFI35 were evaluated through Western blotting. Quantification of HNF4α levels between HepG2 and HepG2-TRIM21-KO cells (bottom). G HepG2 cells and TRIM21 knockout cells were co-transfected with HA-tagged ubiquitin (1 μg) and either vector or IFI35 (2 μg). At 48 h post-transfection, HNF4α was immunoprecipitated and immunoblotted with anti-ubiquitin antibody to assess polyubiquitination. Total levels of HNF4α, IFI35, TRIM21, and HA-tagged ubiquitin in input lysates were also analyzed by immunoblotting. H Schematic diagram of HBV enhancer luciferase reporter constructs. Constructs containing enhancer I (EnhI), enhancer II (EnhII), or both regions were cloned upstream of the luciferase reporter gene. Mutant constructs lacking HNF4α binding sites were generated in EnhI (ΔHNF4α) or EnhII (ΔHNF4α1 and ΔHNF4α1,2) as indicated. I Basal luciferase activity of HBV enhancer reporter constructs. HepG2 cells were transfected with the indicated luciferase reporter plasmids, and luciferase activity was measured. J Comparison of the effect of IFI35 on EnhI-driven transcription with or without the HNF4α binding site. HepG2 cells were co-transfected with the indicated EnhI luciferase reporters and increasing amounts of myc-IFI35. Luciferase activity was measured 48 h post-transfection. Data represent mean ± SD from three independent experiments. K Comparison of the effect of IFI35 on EnhII-driven transcription with or without HNF4α binding sites. HepG2 cells were co-transfected with EnhII luciferase reporters containing wild-type or mutated HNF4α binding sites together with increasing amounts of myc-IFI35. Luciferase activity was measured 48 h post-transfection. Data represent mean ± SD from three independent experiments. The above experiment was independently conducted three times. Data are shown as mean ± SD. The statistical significance of the differences was assessed by the Student t test: *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01, ***, P < 0.001
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    Image Search Results


    IFI35 ubiquitinates HNF4a in TRIM21-dependent manner. A Cell lysates were immunoprecipitated using an anti-TRIM21 antibody. B Detection of HBV DNAs by Southern blot from HepG2 and HepG2-TRIM21-KO cells. Expression levels of HNF4α, IFI35 and TRIM21 in HepG2-TRIM21-KO cells compared to parental HepG2 cells (Control) were assessed by Western blot. HBV DNA levels of HepG2 and HepG2-TRIM21-KO cells were quantified in graph (bottom). C Quantification of HNF4α protein levels in HepG2 and HepG2-TRIM21 knockout (KO) cells transfected with increasing amounts of myc-IFI35. HNF4α levels were determined by immunoblotting and quantified relative to the vector control. Data represent mean ± SD from three independent experiments. D Secreted HBeAg and HBsAg levels were measured by ELISA in HepG2 and HepG2-TRIM21-KO cells transfected with increasing amounts of myc-IFI35. Data represent mean ± SD from three independent experiments. E HepG2 or HepG2-TRIM21 knockout cells were transfected with HBV 1.2mer together with increasing amounts of IFI35. Total RNA was analyzed by Northern blotting to detect HBV transcription. F Effect of TRIM21 on IFI35-mediated HNF4α degradation. HepG2 and HepG2-TRIM21-KO cells were transfected with either empty vector or myc-IFI35. After 48 h, cycloheximide (50ug/ml) were treated for the indicated times, and cells were harvested. Expression levels of HNF4α and IFI35 were evaluated through Western blotting. Quantification of HNF4α levels between HepG2 and HepG2-TRIM21-KO cells (bottom). G HepG2 cells and TRIM21 knockout cells were co-transfected with HA-tagged ubiquitin (1 μg) and either vector or IFI35 (2 μg). At 48 h post-transfection, HNF4α was immunoprecipitated and immunoblotted with anti-ubiquitin antibody to assess polyubiquitination. Total levels of HNF4α, IFI35, TRIM21, and HA-tagged ubiquitin in input lysates were also analyzed by immunoblotting. H Schematic diagram of HBV enhancer luciferase reporter constructs. Constructs containing enhancer I (EnhI), enhancer II (EnhII), or both regions were cloned upstream of the luciferase reporter gene. Mutant constructs lacking HNF4α binding sites were generated in EnhI (ΔHNF4α) or EnhII (ΔHNF4α1 and ΔHNF4α1,2) as indicated. I Basal luciferase activity of HBV enhancer reporter constructs. HepG2 cells were transfected with the indicated luciferase reporter plasmids, and luciferase activity was measured. J Comparison of the effect of IFI35 on EnhI-driven transcription with or without the HNF4α binding site. HepG2 cells were co-transfected with the indicated EnhI luciferase reporters and increasing amounts of myc-IFI35. Luciferase activity was measured 48 h post-transfection. Data represent mean ± SD from three independent experiments. K Comparison of the effect of IFI35 on EnhII-driven transcription with or without HNF4α binding sites. HepG2 cells were co-transfected with EnhII luciferase reporters containing wild-type or mutated HNF4α binding sites together with increasing amounts of myc-IFI35. Luciferase activity was measured 48 h post-transfection. Data represent mean ± SD from three independent experiments. The above experiment was independently conducted three times. Data are shown as mean ± SD. The statistical significance of the differences was assessed by the Student t test: *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01, ***, P < 0.001

    Journal: Journal of Biomedical Science

    Article Title: IFI35 suppresses the transcription of hepatitis B virus cccDNA minichromosome via promoting HNF4α proteasomal degradation

    doi: 10.1186/s12929-026-01239-w

    Figure Lengend Snippet: IFI35 ubiquitinates HNF4a in TRIM21-dependent manner. A Cell lysates were immunoprecipitated using an anti-TRIM21 antibody. B Detection of HBV DNAs by Southern blot from HepG2 and HepG2-TRIM21-KO cells. Expression levels of HNF4α, IFI35 and TRIM21 in HepG2-TRIM21-KO cells compared to parental HepG2 cells (Control) were assessed by Western blot. HBV DNA levels of HepG2 and HepG2-TRIM21-KO cells were quantified in graph (bottom). C Quantification of HNF4α protein levels in HepG2 and HepG2-TRIM21 knockout (KO) cells transfected with increasing amounts of myc-IFI35. HNF4α levels were determined by immunoblotting and quantified relative to the vector control. Data represent mean ± SD from three independent experiments. D Secreted HBeAg and HBsAg levels were measured by ELISA in HepG2 and HepG2-TRIM21-KO cells transfected with increasing amounts of myc-IFI35. Data represent mean ± SD from three independent experiments. E HepG2 or HepG2-TRIM21 knockout cells were transfected with HBV 1.2mer together with increasing amounts of IFI35. Total RNA was analyzed by Northern blotting to detect HBV transcription. F Effect of TRIM21 on IFI35-mediated HNF4α degradation. HepG2 and HepG2-TRIM21-KO cells were transfected with either empty vector or myc-IFI35. After 48 h, cycloheximide (50ug/ml) were treated for the indicated times, and cells were harvested. Expression levels of HNF4α and IFI35 were evaluated through Western blotting. Quantification of HNF4α levels between HepG2 and HepG2-TRIM21-KO cells (bottom). G HepG2 cells and TRIM21 knockout cells were co-transfected with HA-tagged ubiquitin (1 μg) and either vector or IFI35 (2 μg). At 48 h post-transfection, HNF4α was immunoprecipitated and immunoblotted with anti-ubiquitin antibody to assess polyubiquitination. Total levels of HNF4α, IFI35, TRIM21, and HA-tagged ubiquitin in input lysates were also analyzed by immunoblotting. H Schematic diagram of HBV enhancer luciferase reporter constructs. Constructs containing enhancer I (EnhI), enhancer II (EnhII), or both regions were cloned upstream of the luciferase reporter gene. Mutant constructs lacking HNF4α binding sites were generated in EnhI (ΔHNF4α) or EnhII (ΔHNF4α1 and ΔHNF4α1,2) as indicated. I Basal luciferase activity of HBV enhancer reporter constructs. HepG2 cells were transfected with the indicated luciferase reporter plasmids, and luciferase activity was measured. J Comparison of the effect of IFI35 on EnhI-driven transcription with or without the HNF4α binding site. HepG2 cells were co-transfected with the indicated EnhI luciferase reporters and increasing amounts of myc-IFI35. Luciferase activity was measured 48 h post-transfection. Data represent mean ± SD from three independent experiments. K Comparison of the effect of IFI35 on EnhII-driven transcription with or without HNF4α binding sites. HepG2 cells were co-transfected with EnhII luciferase reporters containing wild-type or mutated HNF4α binding sites together with increasing amounts of myc-IFI35. Luciferase activity was measured 48 h post-transfection. Data represent mean ± SD from three independent experiments. The above experiment was independently conducted three times. Data are shown as mean ± SD. The statistical significance of the differences was assessed by the Student t test: *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01, ***, P < 0.001

    Article Snippet: The following antibodies were used: IFI35 (sc-100769, Santa Cruz), HNF4α (H-171, Santa Cruz), HNF1α (Η-140, Santa Cruz), HNF3β (RY-7, Santa Cruz), core protein (B0586, Dako, Carpinteria, CA), TRIM21 (sc-25351, Santa Cruz), β-actin (A5441, Sigma) and GFP (sc-9996, Santa Cruz).

    Techniques: Immunoprecipitation, Southern Blot, Expressing, Control, Western Blot, Knock-Out, Transfection, Plasmid Preparation, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Northern Blot, Ubiquitin Proteomics, Luciferase, Construct, Clone Assay, Mutagenesis, Binding Assay, Generated, Activity Assay, Comparison

    Domain mapping of IFI35 as mediators of TRIM21–HNF4α complex formation. A Schematic representation of IFI35 constructs used in this study. GFP-tagged mutants lacking NID1 (ΔNID1) or NID2 (ΔNID2), as well as the leucine zipper construct (Zip), were generated. B HepG2 cells were co-transfected with HBV 1.2mer and the indicated IFI35 constructs. At 72 h post-transfection, HBV replication intermediates were analyzed by Southern blotting. Quantification of HBV replication levels based on Southern blot analysis. C Secreted HBeAg and HBsAg levels in the culture supernatants were measured by ELISA. E Co-immunoprecipitation analysis of IFI35 mutants with HNF4α. HepG2 cells were transfected with GFP-tagged IFI35 constructs and cell lysates were immunoprecipitated using anti-HNF4α antibody followed by immunoblotting with anti-GFP antibody. F Interaction of IFI35 mutants with TRIM21. Cells were transfected with Myc-TRIM21 together with the indicated IFI35 constructs. Cell lysates were subjected to immunoprecipitation using anti-TRIM21 antibody followed by immunoblotting with anti-GFP antibody. Data represent mean ± SD (n = 3). Statistical significance was determined relative to the vector control

    Journal: Journal of Biomedical Science

    Article Title: IFI35 suppresses the transcription of hepatitis B virus cccDNA minichromosome via promoting HNF4α proteasomal degradation

    doi: 10.1186/s12929-026-01239-w

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Domain mapping of IFI35 as mediators of TRIM21–HNF4α complex formation. A Schematic representation of IFI35 constructs used in this study. GFP-tagged mutants lacking NID1 (ΔNID1) or NID2 (ΔNID2), as well as the leucine zipper construct (Zip), were generated. B HepG2 cells were co-transfected with HBV 1.2mer and the indicated IFI35 constructs. At 72 h post-transfection, HBV replication intermediates were analyzed by Southern blotting. Quantification of HBV replication levels based on Southern blot analysis. C Secreted HBeAg and HBsAg levels in the culture supernatants were measured by ELISA. E Co-immunoprecipitation analysis of IFI35 mutants with HNF4α. HepG2 cells were transfected with GFP-tagged IFI35 constructs and cell lysates were immunoprecipitated using anti-HNF4α antibody followed by immunoblotting with anti-GFP antibody. F Interaction of IFI35 mutants with TRIM21. Cells were transfected with Myc-TRIM21 together with the indicated IFI35 constructs. Cell lysates were subjected to immunoprecipitation using anti-TRIM21 antibody followed by immunoblotting with anti-GFP antibody. Data represent mean ± SD (n = 3). Statistical significance was determined relative to the vector control

    Article Snippet: The following antibodies were used: IFI35 (sc-100769, Santa Cruz), HNF4α (H-171, Santa Cruz), HNF1α (Η-140, Santa Cruz), HNF3β (RY-7, Santa Cruz), core protein (B0586, Dako, Carpinteria, CA), TRIM21 (sc-25351, Santa Cruz), β-actin (A5441, Sigma) and GFP (sc-9996, Santa Cruz).

    Techniques: Construct, Generated, Transfection, Southern Blot, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Immunoprecipitation, Western Blot, Plasmid Preparation, Control